In some countries only veterinarians may perform AIs in dogs. No information is available about the numbers of AIs being performed by breeders themselves. In Europe today around 50-55% of canine inseminations that are performed by veterinarians are done with freshly collected semen, while 10% are done with chilled, extended semen and 35-40% with frozen-thawed semen. Litter size has been estimated to be 25-30% smaller in bitches receiving frozen semen compared to fresh and chilled (6,8,10,11,12). Litter size using intra-uterine AI of frozen-thawed semen is also significantly larger than by vaginal AI. Whelping rates by intrauterine AI in the dog are significantly better than those obtained by vaginal AI not only for frozen-thawed semen (by 51%) but also for chilled (by 44%) as well as for fresh semen (by 30%). The keys to obtaining good results by canine artificial insemination are proper timing of the insemination, the use of an adequate number of spermatozoa of good quality, good semen handling and preparation methods, and to apply an intrauterine inseminaton technique. Breeders now use stud dogs from all over the world, and save semen from valuable dogs to be used in later generations. Email: interest from dog breeders to use artificial insemination (AI) is rapidly increasing world wide both because the results are improving due to advances in our understanding of canine reproduction, and improvement of the techniques, but also because of an increasing awareness that by AI spread of diseases can be prevented. Inferior knowledge of anatomy could result in the semen being deposited into the bladder or also trauma to the reproductive tract of the bitch.Catharina Linde Forsberg, Division of Reproduction, Department of Clinical Sciences¸ Box 7054, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden. Artificial inseminations should only be performed by qualified Veterinarians to ensure the procedure is performed safely. We utilise a Computer Assisted Semen Analysis (CASA) system made by Minitube of America (Spermvision SARepro) which accurately assesses the motility and the number of sperm collected in an ejaculate, making our assessment technique the most advanced in Australia. TCI is as close as we can get to a natural mating artificially.Ĭareful separation of the canine semen ejaculate, appropriate assessment with a phase contrast microscope and good technique with TCI or the Mavic catheter by Monash Veterinary Clinic Veterinarians ensures your bitch has the best chance of pregnancy. It must be noted that TCI can be, and in our opinion, should be, used for all fresh semen inseminations. TCI deposits the semen directly into the uterus and allows us to utilise poorer quality semen and successfully inseminate bitches at late states of their season. In many instances we will recommend transcervical insemination over intravaginal insemination. Fresh artificial inseminations should achieve an equivalent, if not superior, pregnancy rate than natural matings if performed optimally (this is what is achieved with the Mavic catheter). This procedure is far from ideal and will result in much lower pregnancy rates and smaller litter sizes than what is achieved via natural matings. Traditionally an insemination of a bitch has been done by collecting the semen and prostate fractions into a jar together, drawing the fluid into a syringe and inseminating the bitch with a bovine pipette quickly and then holding the back end of the bitch up for 5-10 minutes. The Mavic catheter is the best AI device on the market for vaginal insemination. There is a balloon at the end which is inflated with a syringe once in place and then the semen can be instilled through the centre channel which contains a valve to prevent back flow of semen. Developed by Minitube, they comprise a plastic catheter with a malleable permanent stylet. We use Mavic Catheters for all vaginal artificial inseminations. In order to maximise the success of a vaginal insemination we need to try to emulate the natural situation. The opening of the penis during the ejaculation lies at the opening of the cervix. In a natural mating the penis is erect with the enlarged penis distending the vagina of the bitch which releases oxytocin to stimulate uterine contractions and draw the semen up to the fallopian tubes. When considering what is best to use we must consider what occurs during a natural mating in the dog (and where the semen needs to be deposited). There are a number of options for vaginal insemination available in the general practice setting.
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